The sleep aid industry has a powerful grip on the world, but even the most effective prescription drugs have their downsides: side-effects, limited access and prohibitive costs. So what happened? The average weight change was a loss of nearly 0.9 pound during the two weeks of nighttime fasting and a gain of approximately 1.3 pounds during the control period. While mood didn't seem to be affected during the two weeks of restriction, participants in this group reported being much hungrier upon waking. That's not necessarily a bad thing, given that hunger in the morning is likely to inspire you to consume the most important meal of the day (i.e. breakfast).
A major limitation of this systematic review was that it did not report whether electronic databases were searched systematically in addition to the cross-referential search. Search terms for the electronic search, details on the screening process, the numbers of identified references and screened full-text articles, and inclusion or exclusion criteria for study types were not reported. Similarly to the review by Dennis et al ( 17 ), the primary research aim was not exclusively the effect of water consumption on body weight but also the short-term effect of water consumption on energy intake compared with other beverages. For this short-time effect, the authors identified numerous trials that were meta-analyzed.
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